Daga agogo zuwa injin tururi, gears masu girma dabam, manya da ƙanana, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfura daban-daban azaman sassa na inji don watsa wutar lantarki.An bayyana cewa, girman kasuwannin kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a duniya ya kai yuan tiriliyan daya, kuma ana hasashen za a ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa cikin sauri a nan gaba tare da bunkasuwar masana'antu.
Gear wani nau'in kayan gyara ne da ake amfani da su sosai a rayuwa, walau na jirgin sama, na jigilar kaya, mota da dai sauransu.Koyaya, lokacin da aka tsara kayan aikin da sarrafa, ana buƙatar adadin kayan aikin.Wasu sun ce idan ya kasa hakora 17, ba za a iya juya shi ba., ka san dalili?
To me yasa 17?Maimakon wasu lambobi?Game da 17, wannan yana farawa da hanyar sarrafa kayan aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce amfani da hob don yanke.
Lokacin kera gears ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da adadin haƙora ya ƙanƙanta, raguwa yana faruwa, wanda ke shafar ƙarfin injin ɗin da aka kera.Abin da ake yankewa yana nufin an yanke tushen...Kula da akwatin ja a cikin hoton:
Don haka yaushe za a iya kauce wa yankewa?Amsar ita ce wannan 17 (lokacin da madaidaicin tsayin addim shine 1 kuma kusurwar matsa lamba shine digiri 20).
Da farko dai, dalilin da yasa na'urorin ke iya jujjuyawa shine saboda ya kamata a samar da kyakkyawar alakar watsawa tsakanin na'urorin sama da na kasa.Sai lokacin da alakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta kasance, aikinta zai iya zama tabbataccen dangantaka.Ɗaukar involute gears a matsayin misali, ginshiƙai biyu za su iya taka rawarsu kawai idan sun haɗa da kyau.Musamman, sun kasu kashi biyu: spur gears da helical gears.
Don daidaitaccen kayan spur, ƙimar tsayin addundum shine 1, kuma ƙimar tsayin diddigin haƙori shine 1.25, kuma kusurwar matsa lamba ya kamata ya kai digiri 20.Lokacin da aka sarrafa kayan aiki, idan tushen haƙori da kayan aiki kamar gear biyu iri ɗaya ne.
Idan adadin haƙoran amfrayo bai kai wani ƙima ba, za a tono wani ɓangare na tushen tushen haƙorin, wanda ake kira undercutting.Idan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, zai shafi ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki.17 da aka ambata anan don kayan aiki ne.Idan ba mu magana game da ingancin aiki na gears, zai yi aiki komai yawan hakora.
Bugu da kari, 17 babban lamba ne, wato, adadin cuku-cuwa tsakanin wani hakori na kayan aiki da sauran kayan aiki shine mafi ƙanƙanta a wani adadin juyi, kuma ba zai daɗe a wannan lokacin ba. lokacin da aka yi amfani da karfi.Gears ainihin kayan aiki ne.Ko da yake za a sami kurakurai a kan kowane kayan aiki, yuwuwar lalacewa na ƙafar ƙafa a 17 ya yi yawa, don haka idan 17 ne, zai yi kyau na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ba zai yi aiki na dogon lokaci ba.
Amma ga matsalar ta zo!Har yanzu akwai gears da yawa masu kasa da hakora 17 a kasuwa, amma har yanzu suna da kyau, akwai hotuna da gaskiya!
Wasu masu amfani da yanar gizo sun nuna cewa, a zahiri, idan kun canza hanyar sarrafawa, yana yiwuwa a kera involute gears masu ƙasa da hakora 17.Tabbas, irin wannan kayan yana da sauƙin makalewa (saboda tsangwama na kayan aiki, ba zan iya samun hoton ba, don Allah ku yanke shawara), don haka da gaske ba zai iya juyawa ba.Har ila yau, akwai mafita masu dacewa da yawa, kuma kayan aiki mai canzawa shine wanda aka fi amfani dashi (a cikin sharuddan layman, shine motsa kayan aiki lokacin yankan), akwai kuma helical gears, cycloidal gears, da sauransu. Sannan akwai pancycloid. kayan aiki.
Wani ra'ayi na yanar gizo: Kowa ya yi imani da littattafai da yawa.Ban san mutane nawa ne suka yi karatun gears sosai a wurin aiki ba.A cikin darasi na ƙa'idodin injiniyoyi, babu wani tushen dalili na involute spur gears tare da hakora sama da 17.Sakamakon yankan ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa babban fillet R na fuskar rake na kayan aikin rake don sarrafa kayan aiki shine 0, amma a gaskiya, ta yaya kayan aikin masana'antu ba su da R kwana?(Ba tare da R angle kayan aiki zafi magani, da kaifi part danniya maida hankali ne mai sauki crack, kuma yana da sauki sawa ko fasa a lokacin amfani) kuma ko da kayan aiki ba shi da R a karkashin yanke, matsakaicin adadin hakora bazai 17 ba. hakora, don haka ana amfani da hakora 17 azaman yanayin da ba a yanke ba.A gaskiya, yana buɗe don muhawara!Bari mu kalli hotunan da ke sama.
Za a iya gani daga adadi cewa lokacin da aka kera kayan aiki tare da kayan aiki mai kusurwar R na 0 a saman fuskar rake, jujjuyawar canji daga haƙori na 15 zuwa haƙori na 18 ba ya canzawa sosai, don haka me yasa hakan ya faru. ya ce hakorin na 17 yana farawa da madaidaicin hakori?Menene game da adadin haƙoran da aka yanke?
Dole ne ɗaliban da suka kware a injiniyan injiniya tare da Fan Chengyi suka zana wannan hoton.Kuna iya ganin tasirin kusurwar R na kayan aiki akan ƙarancin kayan aiki.
Madaidaicin lankwasa na shuɗi mai tsayin epicycloid a tushen ɓangaren hoton da ke sama shine bayanan haƙori bayan yanke tushen.Yaya nisa za a yanke tushen tushen kayan aiki don rinjayar amfani da shi?An ƙaddara wannan ta hanyar dangi motsi na saman haƙori na sauran kayan aiki da ƙarfin ajiyar tushen haƙori na kayan aiki.Idan saman haƙori na kayan haɗin gwal ɗin bai haɗa da ɓangaren da aka yanke ba, ginshiƙan biyu na iya jujjuyawa akai-akai, (Lura: Ƙarƙashin ɓangaren sa shi ne bayanin martabar haƙori mara ƙima, da kuma haɗa bayanan bayanan haƙori da wanda ba shi da tushe. involute haƙorin bayanin martaba yawanci ba a haɗa shi cikin yanayin ƙira mara takamaiman, wato, tsoma baki).
Daga wannan hoton, ana iya ganin layin meshing na gears guda biyu kawai ya goge matsakaicin diamita da'irar sabanin juzu'in jujjuyawar gears guda biyu (Lura: ɓangaren shunayya shine bayanin martabar haƙori mai ƙima, ɓangaren rawaya shine ƙarancin yankewa. part, the meshing line Ba shi yiwuwa a shiga a ƙarƙashin da'irar tushe, saboda babu wani involute a ƙasa da da'irar tushe, kuma maƙallan ginshiƙan biyu a kowane matsayi duk suna kan wannan layin), wato, gears biyu suna iya. kawai raga kullum, ba shakka wannan Ba a yarda da shi a aikin injiniya ba, tsawon layin meshing shine 142.2, wannan darajar / sashin tushe = digiri na daidaituwa.
Daga wannan hoton, ana iya ganin layin meshing na gears guda biyu kawai ya goge matsakaicin diamita da'irar sabanin juzu'in jujjuyawar gears guda biyu (Lura: ɓangaren shunayya shine bayanin martabar haƙori mai ƙima, ɓangaren rawaya shine ƙarancin yankewa. part, the meshing line Ba shi yiwuwa a shiga a ƙarƙashin da'irar tushe, saboda babu wani involute a ƙasa da da'irar tushe, kuma maƙallan ginshiƙan biyu a kowane matsayi duk suna kan wannan layin), wato, gears biyu suna iya. kawai raga kullum, ba shakka wannan Ba a yarda da shi a aikin injiniya ba, tsawon layin meshing shine 142.2, wannan darajar / sashin tushe = digiri na daidaituwa.
Wasu kuma suka ce: Da farko dai saitin wannan tambaya ba daidai ba ne.Gears tare da kasa da hakora 17 ba zai shafi amfani ba (bayanin bayanin wannan batu a cikin amsar farko ba daidai ba ne, kuma sharuɗɗan uku don daidaitaccen meshing na gears ba su da alaƙa da adadin hakora), amma 17 hakora a cikin wasu A wasu takamaiman lokuta, ba zai zama da wahala a aiwatar da shi ba, ga ƙarin ƙarin ilimi game da kayan aiki.
Bari in fara magana game da involute na farko, involute shine nau'in bayanin martabar haƙoran da aka fi amfani dashi.Don haka me yasa involute?Menene bambanci tsakanin wannan layi da madaidaiciyar layi da baka?Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa, involute ne (a nan akwai rabin haƙori involute)
Don sanya ta cikin kalma ɗaya, involute shine ɗaukar madaidaiciyar layi da madaidaicin wuri akansa, lokacin da madaidaiciyar layin ke birgima tare da da'irar, yanayin madaidaicin madaidaicin.Amfaninsa yana bayyana a fili lokacin da biyu suka haɗu da juna, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.
Lokacin da ƙafafu biyu suka juya, jagorancin ƙarfin aiki a wurin tuntuɓar (kamar M , M' ) koyaushe yana kan layi madaidaiciya ɗaya, kuma wannan madaidaiciyar layin ana kiyaye shi daidai da filaye biyu masu siffa mai ƙima (jirgin sama na tangent). ).Saboda tsayin daka, ba za a sami "zamewa" da "juyawa" a tsakanin su ba, wanda da gangan ya rage karfin juzu'i na ragar kayan aiki, wanda ba zai iya inganta ingancin kawai ba, amma kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar kayan aiki.
Tabbas, a matsayin mafi yawan amfani da nau'in bayanin martabar haƙori - involute, ba shine kawai zaɓinmu ba.
Bayan "karkatar da hankali", a matsayin injiniyoyi, ba kawai muna buƙatar yin la'akari da ko yana yiwuwa a matakin ka'idar ba kuma ko tasirin yana da kyau, amma mafi mahimmanci, dole ne mu nemo hanyar da za mu sa abubuwan da suka dace su fito, wanda ya haɗa da zaɓin kayan aiki. , masana'antu, daidaito, gwaji, da dai sauransu Da sauransu.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da aka saba amfani da su don gears gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa hanyar ƙirƙira da hanyar ƙirƙirar fanfo.Hanyar kafawa ita ce yanke siffar haƙori kai tsaye ta hanyar kera kayan aiki daidai da siffar rata tsakanin hakora.Wannan gabaɗaya ya haɗa da masu yankan niƙa, ƙafafun malam buɗe ido, da sauransu;Hanyar Fan Cheng ta kwatanta Rikici, za ku iya fahimtar cewa gears guda biyu suna haɗaka, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da wuyar gaske (wuƙa), ɗayan kuma yana cikin mawuyacin hali.Tsarin haɗakarwa a hankali yana motsawa daga nesa mai nisa zuwa yanayin haɗakarwa na yau da kullun.A cikin wannan tsari ana samar da sabbin gears ta hanyar yankan matsakaici.Idan kuna sha'awar, zaku iya nemo "Ka'idodin Injiniyanci" don koyo dalla-dalla.
Hanyar Fancheng ana amfani da ita sosai, amma lokacin da adadin haƙoran gear suka yi ƙanƙanta, madaidaicin layin layin kayan aiki da layin meshing zai wuce maƙasudin ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin da aka yanke, da tushen kayan aikin da za a sarrafa. zai ƙare Yankewa, saboda ɓangaren da aka yanke ya zarce madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin, ba zai shafi haɗakarwa ta yau da kullun na gears ba, amma rashin lahani shine yana raunana ƙarfin haƙora.Lokacin da ake amfani da irin waɗannan kayan aiki a lokuta masu nauyi kamar akwatunan gear, Yana da sauƙin karya haƙoran gear.Hoton yana nuna samfurin kayan aikin haƙori 2-die 8 bayan aiki na yau da kullun (tare da yanke).
Kuma 17 shine iyakar adadin hakora da aka ƙididdige su a ƙarƙashin ma'aunin kayan aiki na ƙasarmu.Kayan kayan da ke da adadin hakora da ke ƙasa da 17 zai bayyana "la'akari da rashin yankewa" lokacin da aka saba sarrafa shi ta hanyar Fancheng.A wannan lokacin, dole ne a daidaita hanyar sarrafawa, kamar ƙaura, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi na 2-die 8-haƙori na kayan aikin da aka yi don ƙididdigewa (kananan da aka yanke).
Tabbas, yawancin abubuwan da aka kwatanta a nan ba su cika ba.Akwai wasu sassa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin injin, kuma akwai ƙarin matsaloli wajen kera waɗannan sassa a aikin injiniya.Masu karatu masu sha'awar za su so su ƙara kulawa.
Ƙarshe: Haƙoran 17 sun fito ne daga hanyar sarrafawa, kuma ya dogara da hanyar sarrafawa.Idan an maye gurbin ko inganta hanyar sarrafa kayan aiki, kamar hanyar kafawa da sarrafa ƙaura (a nan musamman yana nufin kayan aikin spur), abin da aka yanke ba zai faru ba, kuma babu matsala tare da iyakar adadin hakora 17.
