Motar ta karye da sauri, kuma injin inverter yana aiki kamar aljani?Karanta sirrin tsakanin motar da inverter a cikin labarin daya!
Mutane da yawa sun gano abin da ya faru na lalacewar inverter ga motar.Misali, a cikin masana'antar famfo ruwa, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, masu amfani da ita akai-akai sun ba da rahoton cewa famfon ɗin ya lalace a lokacin garanti.A da, ingancin samfuran masana'antar famfo ya kasance abin dogaro sosai.Bayan bincike, an gano cewa wadannan famfunan ruwa da suka lalace, duk na’urorin da ke sarrafa mitar ne ke tuka su.
Fitowar masu sauya mitoci ya kawo sabbin abubuwa zuwa sarrafa sarrafa kansa na masana'antu da ceton makamashin mota.Samar da masana'antu kusan ba zai iya rabuwa da masu sauya mita.Ko da a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, lif da inverter iska sun zama sassa masu mahimmanci.Masu sauya mitoci sun fara kutsawa cikin kowane lungu na samarwa da rayuwa.Koyaya, mai sauya mitar kuma yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa waɗanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsu ba, waɗanda lalacewar motar na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Mutane da yawa sun gano abin da ya faru na lalacewar inverter ga motar.Misali, a cikin masana'antar famfo ruwa, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, masu amfani da ita akai-akai sun ba da rahoton cewa famfon ɗin ya lalace a lokacin garanti.A da, ingancin samfuran masana'antar famfo ya kasance abin dogaro sosai.Bayan bincike, an gano cewa wadannan famfunan ruwa da suka lalace, duk na’urorin da ke sarrafa mitar ne ke tuka su.
Duk da cewa al’amarin da na’urar canza mitar ke yi wa motar illa ya fi jan hankalin mutane, har yanzu mutane ba su san tsarin wannan al’amari ba, balle yadda za a iya hana shi.Manufar wannan labarin ita ce warware waɗannan ruɗani.
Lalacewar inverter ga motar
Lalacewar na'ura mai jujjuyawa ga motar ta haɗa da abubuwa biyu, lalacewar iskar stator da kuma lalacewar ɗaukar hoto, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 1. Irin wannan lalacewa gabaɗaya yana faruwa a cikin 'yan makonni zuwa watanni goma, kuma takamaiman lokacin ya dogara. akan alamar injin inverter, alamar injin, ƙarfin injin, mitar mai ɗaukar hoto, tsayin kebul tsakanin injin inverter da injin, da yanayin yanayin yanayi.Abubuwa da yawa suna da alaƙa.Farkon lalacewar motar na haifar da babbar asarar tattalin arziki ga samar da kasuwancin.Irin wannan asarar ba kawai farashin gyaran mota da maye gurbin ba ne, amma mafi mahimmanci, asarar tattalin arziki da ke haifar da dakatarwar samar da bazata.Don haka, lokacin amfani da na'ura mai jujjuyawa don tuƙi mota, dole ne a biya isasshen hankali ga matsalar lalacewar mota.
Lalacewar inverter ga motar
Bambanci tsakanin inverter drive da masana'antu mitar drive
Don fahimtar tsarin da ya sa na'urorin mitar wutar lantarki suka fi lalacewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin injin inverter, da farko ku fahimci bambanci tsakanin wutar lantarki na injin inverter da ƙarfin wutar lantarki.Sannan koyi yadda wannan bambancin zai iya yin illa ga injin.
Ana nuna ainihin tsarin mai jujjuya mitar a cikin hoto na 2, gami da sassa biyu, da'irar gyarawa da da'irar inverter.Da'irar mai daidaitawa ita ce da'irar fitarwar wutar lantarki ta DC wacce ta ƙunshi talakawa diodes da masu tace capacitors, kuma injin inverter yana juyar da wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa nau'in ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin bugun jini (PWM voltage).Don haka, sigar igiyar wutar lantarki ta injin inverter-inverter wani nau'in bugun bugun jini ne tare da fadin bugun bugun jini daban-daban, maimakon nau'in igiyar wutar lantarki ta sine.Tuƙi motar tare da ƙarfin bugun bugun jini shine tushen sanadin lalacewar motar cikin sauƙi.
Kayan aikin Inverter Damage Motor Stator Winding
Lokacin da aka watsa wutar lantarki ta bugun jini akan kebul ɗin, idan ƙarancin kebul ɗin bai dace da ƙayyadaddun kaya ba, tunani zai faru a ƙarshen kaya.Sakamakon tunani shine cewa girgizar abin da ya faru da igiyar da aka nuna an sanya su don samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma.Girmansa yana iya kaiwa sau biyu ƙarfin wutar lantarki na motar bas na DC a mafi yawan, wanda shine kusan sau uku na shigar da wutar lantarki na inverter, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3. Ana ƙara ƙarfin wuta mai yawa a cikin coil na stator motor, yana haifar da girgiza wutar lantarki ga nada. , kuma yawan tashin wuta da yawa zai sa motar ta yi kasala da wuri.
Bayan injin da ke motsa mitar mai ya sami tasiri ta hanyar mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki, ainihin rayuwarsa yana da alaƙa da abubuwa da yawa, gami da zazzabi, ƙazantawa, girgiza, ƙarfin lantarki, mitar mai ɗaukar hoto, da tsarin rufewar naɗa.
Mafi girman mitar mai ɗaukar hoto na inverter, mafi kusancin fitarwa na yanzu raƙuman raƙuman ruwa zuwa sine wave, wanda zai rage zafin aiki na injin kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar rufin.Koyaya, mafi girman mitar mai ɗaukar kaya yana nufin adadin ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka samar a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya ya fi girma, kuma adadin girgiza motar ya fi girma.Hoto na 4 yana nuna rayuwar rufewa azaman aikin tsayin kebul da mitar mai ɗauka.Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa na USB mai ƙafa 200, lokacin da aka haɓaka mitar mai ɗaukar kaya daga 3kHz zuwa 12kHz (canza sau 4), rayuwar rufin yana raguwa daga kimanin sa'o'i 80,000 zuwa sa'o'i 20,000 (bambancin sau 4).
Tasirin Mitar Mai ɗauka akan Insulation
Mafi girman yawan zafin jiki na motar, mafi guntu rayuwar rufin, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 75 ° C, rayuwar motar ita ce kawai 50%.Ga wani motar da mai inverter ke tukawa, tun da wutar lantarki ta PWM ta ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan daɗaɗɗen mitoci, zafin injin ɗin zai yi girma fiye da na injin mitar wutar lantarki.
Kankanin Inverter Lalacewar Motoci
Dalilin da ya sa na'urar mai sauya mitar ke lalata ma'aunin motsi shi ne cewa akwai na'ura mai gudana da ke gudana ta hanyar bearing, kuma wannan na'ura yana cikin yanayin haɗin kai.Da'irar haɗin kai mai tsaka-tsaki zai haifar da baka, kuma arc ɗin zai ƙone ɗaukar hoto.
Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na halin yanzu da ke gudana a cikin bearings na motar AC.Na farko, wutar lantarki da aka jawo ta hanyar rashin daidaituwar filin lantarki na ciki, na biyu kuma, babban tafarki na halin yanzu wanda ke haifar da ɓatacce capacitance.
Filin maganadisu a cikin ingantacciyar injin shigar da AC yana da daidaito.Lokacin da magudanar iska na matakai uku suka yi daidai kuma matakan sun bambanta da 120°, ba za a jawo wutar lantarki akan shaft ɗin motar ba.Lokacin da fitowar wutar lantarki ta PWM ta inverter ya sa filin maganadisu a cikin motar ya zama asymmetrical, za a jawo wutar lantarki akan shaft.Wurin lantarki shine 10 ~ 30V, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin tuƙi.Mafi girman ƙarfin tuƙi, mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki akan shaft.babba.Lokacin da darajar wannan ƙarfin lantarki ya zarce ƙarfin dielectric na mai mai mai a cikin ma'auni, an kafa hanyar yanzu.A wani lokaci yayin jujjuyawar shaft, rufin mai mai mai yana dakatar da halin yanzu.Wannan tsari yayi kama da tsarin kashe wuta na injina.A cikin wannan tsari, za a samar da baka, wanda zai shafe saman katako, ball, da kwanon tudu, ya zama ramuka.Idan babu girgizar waje, ƙananan dimples ba za su sami tasiri mai yawa ba, amma idan akwai girgizar waje, za a samar da tsagi, wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa akan aikin motar.
Bugu da ƙari, gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa ƙarfin lantarki akan shaft shima yana da alaƙa da mahimmancin mitar ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter.Ƙananan mitar mahimmanci, mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki akan shaft kuma mafi tsanani lalacewar lalacewa.
A farkon mataki na aikin mota, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki mai lubricating ya ragu, kewayon yanzu shine 5-200mA, irin wannan ƙananan halin yanzu ba zai haifar da lalacewa ba.Duk da haka, lokacin da motar ta yi aiki na wani lokaci, yayin da zafin jiki na man mai ya karu, mafi girman halin yanzu zai kai 5-10A, wanda zai haifar da walƙiya kuma ya haifar da ƙananan ramuka a saman abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Kariya na motsi stator windings
Lokacin da tsayin kebul ɗin ya wuce mita 30, babu makawa masu canza mitar zamani za su haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen motar, yana rage rayuwar motar.Akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu don hana lalacewa ga motar.Ɗayan shine a yi amfani da motar da ke da insulation mafi girma da kuma ƙarfin dielectric (wanda aka fi sani da madaidaicin mitar mita), ɗayan kuma shine ɗaukar matakan rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki.Tsohon ma'aunin ya dace da sababbin ayyukan da aka gina, kuma ma'auni na ƙarshe ya dace da canza canjin da ake ciki.
A halin yanzu, hanyoyin kariya da motoci da aka saba amfani da su sune kamar haka:
1) Shigar da reactor a ƙarshen fitarwa na mitar: Wannan ma'auni shine mafi yawan amfani da shi, amma ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hanya tana da wani tasiri akan guntun igiyoyi (ƙasa da mita 30), amma wani lokacin tasirin bai dace ba. , kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6 (c).
2) Shigar da tace dv/dt a ƙarshen fitarwa na mai sauya mitar: Wannan ma'aunin ya dace da lokatai da tsayin kebul ɗin bai wuce mita 300 ba, kuma farashin ya ɗan fi na reactor, amma tasirin ya kasance. ya inganta sosai, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6 (d) .
3) Shigar da tacewar sine a wurin fitarwa na mai sauya mitar: wannan ma'auni shine mafi dacewa.Domin a nan, ana canza wutar lantarki ta PWM pulse zuwa wutar lantarki ta sine, injin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin mitar wutar lantarki, kuma an warware matsalar gaba ɗaya ta ƙarar ƙarfin lantarki (komi tsawon lokacin da kebul ɗin zai kasance, za a samu. babu ganiya ƙarfin lantarki).
4) Shigar da na'ura mai ɗaukar wutan lantarki mafi girma a mahaɗin tsakanin kebul da motar: rashin lahani na matakan da suka gabata shine cewa lokacin da ƙarfin motar ya yi girma, reactor ko tace yana da girma da nauyi, kuma farashin yana da inganci. babba.Bugu da kari, da reactor Duk da tace da kuma tace zai haifar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki drop, wanda zai shafi fitarwa karfin juyi na mota.Amfani da inverter ganiya ƙarfin lantarki absorber iya shawo kan wadannan kasawa.SVA spike absorber da 706 na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Biyu na Cibiyar Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Biyu ta ɗauki ingantacciyar fasahar lantarki da fasahar sarrafa hankali, kuma ita ce na'urar da ta dace don magance lalacewar mota.Bugu da kari, SVA spike absorber yana ba da kariya ga motsin motar.
Karu irin ƙarfin lantarki sabon nau'in na'urar kariya ce.Haɗa tashoshin shigar da wutar lantarki na motar a layi daya.
1) Ƙwararrun ganowar wutar lantarki tana gano girman ƙarfin lantarki akan layin wutar lantarki a ainihin lokacin;
2) Lokacin da girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka gano ya zarce matakin da aka saita, sarrafa da'irar buffer makamashi mafi girma don ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙyalli;
3) Lokacin da makamashin mafi girman wutar lantarki ya cika da babban buffer makamashi, ana buɗe bawul ɗin sarrafa ƙarfin kuzarin kuzari, ta yadda ƙarfin kololuwar da ke cikin buffer ɗin ya fito cikin mafi ƙarancin kuzari, kuma wutar lantarki ta canza zuwa zafi. makamashi;
4) Na'urar lura da zafin jiki tana lura da yanayin zafi mafi girma na makamashin makamashi.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi yawa, ana rufe bawul ɗin sarrafa makamashin kololuwa yadda ya kamata don rage yawan kuzarin kuzari (a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da cewa motar tana da kariya), ta yadda za a hana ƙyalli mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki daga zazzaɓi da kuma haifar da lalacewa.lalacewa;
5) Aikin da'irar shayarwa ta halin yanzu shine don ɗaukar halin yanzu da kuma kare motar motar.
Idan aka kwatanta da na'urar du/dt da aka ambata, tacewar sine da sauran hanyoyin kariya ta mota, mai ɗaukar kololuwa yana da mafi girman fa'ida na ƙananan girman, ƙarancin farashi, da shigarwa mai sauƙi (shigarwa ɗaya).Musamman idan aka yi la'akari da babban iko, fa'idodin mafi girman abin sha a cikin farashi, girma, da nauyi sun shahara sosai.Bugu da kari, tunda an sanya shi a layi daya, ba za a sami raguwar wutar lantarki ba, kuma za a sami raguwar adadin wutar lantarki a kan filtar du/dt da sine wave filter, kuma raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fil ɗin sine wave yana kusa da 10. %, wanda zai sa karfin juzu'in motar ya ragu.
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