Ilimi game da bushewar sanyi!1. Menene halaye na bushewar sanyi na gida idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda aka shigo da su?A halin yanzu tsarin na'urorin bushewa na cikin gida bai bambanta da na injunan da ake shigo da su daga waje ba, kuma ana amfani da shahararrun samfuran duniya sosai a cikin injin daskarewa, na'urorin sanyaya da kuma firiji.Koyaya, ikon amfani da na'urar bushewa gabaɗaya ya zarce na injunan da ake shigowa da su, saboda masana'antun cikin gida sun yi la'akari da halaye na masu amfani da gida, musamman yanayin yanayi da halayen kulawa na yau da kullun, lokacin zayyana da kera na'urar bushewa.Misali, karfin injin damfara na bushewar sanyi na cikin gida gaba daya ya fi na injunan da ake shigowa da su iri daya, wanda ya dace da yanayin sararin kasar Sin da kuma babban bambancin yanayin zafi a wurare daban-daban.Bugu da kari, injinan cikin gida suma suna da gasa sosai a farashi kuma suna da fa'ida mara misaltuwa a cikin sabis na tallace-tallace.Sabili da haka, na'urar bushewa na gida yana da mashahuri sosai a cikin kasuwar gida.2. Menene halaye na bushewar sanyi idan aka kwatanta da na'urar bushewa?Idan aka kwatanta da bushewar adsorption, na'urar bushewa tana da halaye masu zuwa: ① Babu amfani da iskar gas, kuma ga yawancin masu amfani da iskar gas, yin amfani da bushewar sanyi yana adana kuzari fiye da amfani da na'urar bushewa;② Babu sassan bawul da aka sawa;③ Babu buƙatar ƙara ko maye gurbin adsorbents akai-akai;④ Ƙananan ƙarar aiki;⑤ Kulawa na yau da kullun yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, muddin ana tsabtace allon tacewa na magudanar ruwa ta atomatik akan lokaci;⑥ Babu wani buƙatu na musamman don pre-jiyya na iska tushen da kuma goyon bayan iska kwampreso, da kuma janar mai-ruwa SEPARATOR iya saduwa da bukatun da iska mashiga ingancin sanyi bushewa;⑦ Na'urar bushewa tana da tasirin "tsaftacewa" akan iskar gas, wato, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙazantattun ƙazanta a cikin iskar gas ya ragu;⑧ Yayin fitar da condensate, wani ɓangare na tururin mai za a iya tattara shi cikin hazo mai ruwa kuma a fitar da shi tare da condensate.Idan aka kwatanta da na'urar bushewa, "matsa lamba raɓa" na na'urar bushewa don matsawa iska magani zai iya kai kusan 10 ℃, don haka bushewar iskar gas ya yi ƙasa da na na'urar bushewa.A cikin ƙananan filayen aikace-aikacen, na'urar bushewa ba zai iya cika buƙatun tsari don bushewar tushen iskar gas ba.A cikin fasaha na fasaha, an kafa wani al'ada na zaɓi: lokacin da "matsayin raɓa" ya kasance sama da sifili, mai bushewa mai sanyi shine farkon, kuma lokacin da "matsayin raɓa" ya kasance ƙasa da sifili, na'urar bushewa shine kawai zabi.3. Yadda ake samun iska mai matsa lamba tare da ƙarancin raɓa?Matsakaicin raɓa na iska na iya zama kusan -20 ℃ (matsi na al'ada) bayan an bi da shi ta bushewar sanyi, kuma raɓa na iya kaiwa sama -60 ℃ bayan na'urar bushewa ta bi da ita.Duk da haka, wasu masana'antu da ke buƙatar bushewar iska mai tsananin gaske (kamar microelectronics, wanda ke buƙatar raɓa don isa -80 ℃) a fili ba su isa ba.A halin yanzu, hanyar da fasahar fasaha ta inganta ita ce, ana haɗa na'urar bushewa a jere tare da na'urar bushewa, kuma ana amfani da na'urar bushewa a matsayin kayan aikin riga-kafi na na'urar bushewa, don haka danshin abun ciki na iska mai matsewa ya kasance. an rage sosai kafin shigar da na'urar bushewa, kuma ana iya samun matsewar iska mai ƙarancin raɓa.Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan zafin jiki na iska mai matsewa yana shiga cikin na'urar bushewa, ƙananan raɓar raɓar iska ta ƙarshe ta samu.Dangane da bayanan kasashen waje, lokacin da zafin shigar da na'urar bushewa ya kai digiri 2 ℃, raɓar matsewar iska na iya kaiwa ƙasa -100 ℃ ta amfani da sieve kwayoyin azaman adsorbent.An kuma yi amfani da wannan hanya sosai a kasar Sin.
4. Menene ya kamata a kula da lokacin da aka dace da na'urar bushewa mai sanyi tare da piston air compressor?The piston iska kwampreso ba ya ci gaba da samar da iskar gas, kuma akwai iska bugun jini a lokacin da yake aiki.Jirgin iska yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi da dindindin a kan dukkan sassan na'urar bushewa mai sanyi, wanda zai haifar da jerin lalacewar injin na'urar bushewa.Don haka, lokacin da ake amfani da na'urar bushewa mai sanyi tare da kwampreshin iska na piston, ya kamata a saita tankin iska mai buffer a gefen ƙasa na injin kwampreso na iska.5. Menene ya kamata in kula lokacin amfani da na'urar bushewa?Ya kamata a ba da hankali ga al'amura masu zuwa lokacin amfani da na'urar bushewa: ① Gudun ruwa, matsa lamba da zafin jiki na iska ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon da aka yarda na farantin suna;② Dole ne a shayar da wurin shigarwa tare da ƙananan ƙura, kuma akwai isasshen sarari don zubar da zafi da kiyayewa a kusa da na'ura, kuma ba za a iya shigar da shi a waje ba don kauce wa ruwan sama da hasken rana kai tsaye;(3) bushewar sanyi gabaɗaya yana ba da damar shigarwa ba tare da tushe ba, amma dole ne a daidaita ƙasa;(4) ya kamata ya kasance kusa da wuri mai amfani, don kauce wa bututun ya yi tsayi sosai;⑤ Kada a sami iskar iskar gas da za a iya ganowa a cikin muhallin da ke kewaye, kuma ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman don rashin kasancewa a cikin ɗaki ɗaya tare da kayan sanyi na ammonia;⑥ Daidaitawar tacewa na pre-fitar na'urar bushewa ya kamata ya dace, kuma madaidaicin daidaito ba lallai ba ne don bushewar sanyi;⑦ Dole ne a saita bututun shigar da bututun ruwa mai sanyaya da kansa, musamman kada a raba bututun fitarwa tare da sauran kayan sanyaya ruwa don guje wa toshewar magudanar ruwa da ke haifar da bambancin matsa lamba;⑧ Rike magudanar ruwa ta atomatik a kowane lokaci;Pet-name ruby kar a fara bushewar sanyi ci gaba;Halartar ma'aunin ma'aunin iskar da aka matsa da na'urar bushewa a zahiri, musamman lokacin da zafin shiga da matsa lamba na aiki ba su dace da ƙimar da aka ƙima ba, ya kamata a gyara su bisa ga "daidaitaccen daidaitawa" da samfurin ya bayar don guje wa aiki mai yawa.6. Menene tasirin babban abun ciki na hazo mai a cikin iska mai matsa lamba akan aiki na bushewar sanyi?Abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas na iska ya bambanta, alal misali, abin da ke cikin man fetur na cikin gida na piston mai mai mai mai da iska mai iska shine 65-220 mg / m3;, Ƙananan man lubrication iska compressor shaye mai abun ciki shine 30 ~ 40 mg / m3;Abin da ake kira damfarar iska mai ba da man fetur da aka yi a kasar Sin (ainihin lubrication ba tare da man fetur ba) kuma yana da abun ciki mai na 6 ~ 15mg / m3;;Wani lokaci, saboda lalacewa da gazawar mai raba iskar gas a cikin injin daskarewa, abin da ke cikin man da ke cikin shaye-shaye na kwamfyutar iska za ta karu sosai.Bayan da iska da aka matsa tare da babban abun ciki mai ya shiga cikin na'urar bushewa, za a rufe fim din mai mai kauri a saman bututun jan karfe na mai musayar zafi.Saboda juriya na zafi na fim din mai shine sau 40 ~ 70 mafi girma fiye da na bututun jan karfe, za a rage yawan aikin zafi na precooler da evaporator, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, na'urar bushewa ba zai yi aiki akai-akai ba.Musamman, matsa lamba mai fitar da ruwa yana raguwa yayin da raɓa ta tashi, abubuwan da ke cikin mai a cikin sharar na'urar busar da iskar yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma gurɓataccen mai yana toshe magudanar atomatik.A wannan yanayin, ko da a koyaushe ana maye gurbin matatar mai a cikin tsarin bututun na'urar bushewa, ba zai taimaka ba, kuma ba da daɗewa ba za a toshe ɓangaren tacewa na tace mai na cirewa ta hanyar gurbataccen mai.Hanya mafi kyau ita ce a gyara na'urar damfara ta iska da kuma maye gurbin abubuwan tacewa na mai raba iskar gas, ta yadda abun da ke cikin iskar gas ya kai ga ma'aunin masana'anta na yau da kullun.7. Yadda za a daidaita daidaitaccen tacewa a cikin bushewar sanyi?Matsewar iska daga tushen iska yana ƙunshe da ruwa mai yawa, ƙura mai ƙura mai girma dabam dabam, gurɓataccen mai, tururin mai da sauransu.Idan waɗannan ƙazanta sun shiga cikin na'urar bushewa kai tsaye, yanayin aikin na'urar bushewar sanyi zai lalace.Misali, gurbataccen mai zai gurbatar da bututun tagulla na musayar zafi a cikin precooler da evaporator, wanda zai shafi musayar zafi;Ruwan ruwa yana ƙara yawan aikin bushewar sanyi, kuma ƙazantattun ƙazanta suna da sauƙi don toshe ramin magudanar ruwa.Don haka, ana buƙatar gabaɗaya don shigar da matattarar riga-kafi a saman mashigan iska na na'urar bushewa don tsabtace ƙazanta da kuma rabuwar ruwan mai don guje wa yanayin da ke sama.A tacewa daidaito na pre-tace ga m impurities bukatar ba sosai high, kullum shi ne 10 ~ 25μ m, amma shi ne mafi alhẽri a yi mafi girma rabuwa yadda ya dace ga ruwa ruwa da kuma gurbataccen man fetur.Ko an shigar da tace na busar sanyi ko a'a ya kamata a ƙayyade ta ingancin buƙatun mai amfani don matsewar iska.Don iskar gas na gabaɗaya, babban madaidaicin babban tace bututun ya isa.Lokacin da buƙatun iskar gas ya fi girma, yakamata a daidaita tacewar hazo mai daidai ko kunna carbon tace.8. Menene zan yi don sanya yawan zafin jiki na bushewar iska ya ragu sosai?A wasu masana'antu na musamman, ba kawai matsewar iska mai ƙarancin raɓa ba (watau abun ciki na ruwa) amma kuma ana buƙatar zafin iska mai matsewa ya yi ƙasa sosai, wato, injin bushewar iska ya kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman mai sanyaya iska.A wannan lokacin, matakan da aka ɗauka sune: ① soke precooler (masanin zafi na iska), ta yadda za a iya dumama iskar da aka matse ta tilas ta hanyar evaporator;② a lokaci guda, duba tsarin firiji, kuma idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙarfin kwampreso da wurin musayar zafi na evaporator da condenser.Hanya mai sauƙi da aka saba amfani da ita a aikace ita ce yin amfani da na'urar bushewa mai girma ba tare da precooler ba don magance gas tare da ƙananan gudana.9. Wadanne matakai yakamata na'urar busar da iskar ta dauki lokacin da zafin shiga ya yi yawa?Matsakaicin zafin jiki na iska shine muhimmin ma'aunin fasaha na na'urar bushewa, kuma duk masana'antun suna da takamaiman hane-hane a kan babban iyaka na mashigan iska zazzabi na na'urar bushewa, saboda babban mashigin iska zafin jiki ba kawai yana nufin karuwar m zafi, amma. da kuma karuwar yawan tururin ruwa a cikin matsewar iska.JB/JQ209010-88 ya kayyade cewa mashigai zafin jiki na sanyi na'urar busar da ya kamata ba wuce 38 ℃, kuma da yawa sanannun kasashen waje masana'antun na sanyi bushewa da irin wannan dokoki.Yana tsaye ga cewa lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya wuce 38 ℃, dole ne a ƙara na'urar sanyaya ta baya na injin damfara don rage zafin iska zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙimar kafin shigar da kayan aikin bayan jiyya.Halin da ake ciki na na'urorin bushewa na gida a halin yanzu shine cewa ƙimar da aka yarda da ita na zafin shigar iska na bushewar sanyi yana ƙaruwa koyaushe.Misali, na'urar bushewa ta yau da kullun ba tare da mai sanyaya ba ta fara haɓaka daga 40 ℃ a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma yanzu an sami na'urorin bushewa na yau da kullun tare da zafin shiga iska na 50 ℃.Ko da kuwa ko akwai bangaren hasashe na kasuwanci ko a'a, daga ra'ayi na fasaha, karuwar yawan zafin jiki ba kawai yana nunawa a cikin karuwar gas "zazzabi na fili", amma kuma yana nunawa a cikin karuwar abun ciki na ruwa, wanda ba haka ba ne. dangantaka mai sauƙi mai sauƙi tare da karuwar nauyin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi.Idan an rama haɓakar haɓakar kaya ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin injin na'ura mai sanyi, yana da nisa daga farashi mai tsada, saboda ita ce hanya mafi dacewa da tattalin arziƙi da inganci don amfani da na'urar sanyaya baya don rage yawan zafin jiki na matsa lamba a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na yau da kullun. .Na'urar bushewa mai zafi mai zafi mai ɗaukar iska shine don haɗa na'urar sanyaya baya akan na'urar bushewa ba tare da canza tsarin firiji ba, kuma tasirin yana bayyane sosai.10. Wadanne bukatu ne na'urar bushewar sanyi ke da ita don yanayin muhalli banda zazzabi?Tasirin zafin jiki na yanayi akan aikin na'urar bushewa yana da girma sosai.Bugu da ƙari, na'urar bushewa yana da waɗannan buƙatun don yanayin da ke kewaye da shi: ① samun iska: yana da mahimmanci ga masu bushewar sanyi mai sanyi;② Kada kura ta yi yawa;③ Kada a sami tushen zafi kai tsaye a wurin amfani da na'urar bushewa;④ Kada a sami iskar gas mai lalata, musamman ammonia ba za a iya gano shi ba.Domin ammoniya yana cikin yanayi mai ruwa.Yana da tasirin lalata mai ƙarfi akan jan karfe.Don haka, bai kamata a shigar da na'urar bushewa mai sanyi tare da kayan sanyi na ammonia ba.
11. Wane tasiri yanayin zafin jiki ke da shi akan aikin na'urar bushewa?Babban zafin jiki na yanayi yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin zafi na tsarin firiji na na'urar bushewa.Lokacin da yanayin zafin jiki ya fi yawan zafin jiki na refrigerant na yau da kullun, zai tilasta matsa lamba na refrigerant don ƙarawa, wanda zai rage ƙarfin firiji na compressor kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da haɓakar "matsalar raɓa" na iska mai matsawa.Gabaɗaya magana, ƙananan zafin jiki na yanayi yana da amfani ga aikin na'urar bushewa.Duk da haka, a ƙananan yanayin yanayi (misali, ƙasa da sifili digiri Celsius), wurin raɓa na matsewar iska ba zai canza sosai ba duk da cewa zafin iskan da ke shiga cikin na'urar bushewa bai yi ƙasa ba.Duk da haka, lokacin da aka zubar da ruwa mai yawa ta hanyar magudanar atomatik, yana iya yiwuwa ya daskare a magudanar, wanda dole ne a hana shi.Bugu da kari, idan aka tsayar da na’urar, daskararre ruwan da aka taru a asali a cikin injin busar sanyi ko kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kofin ajiyar ruwa na magudanar na iya daskare, kuma ruwan sanyaya da aka ajiye a cikin na’urar na iya daskarewa, duk wanda ya daskare. zai haifar da lalacewa ga sassan da ke da alaƙa na bushewar sanyi.Yana da mahimmanci a tunatar da masu amfani da cewa: Lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya yi ƙasa da 2 ℃, matse bututun iska da kansa yayi daidai da na'urar bushewa mai aiki mai kyau.A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a ba da hankali ga maganin daskararren ruwa a cikin bututun kanta.Saboda haka, masana'antun da yawa sun bayyana a fili a cikin littafin na'urar bushewa cewa lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasa 2 ℃, kada ku yi amfani da na'urar bushewa.12, nauyin bushewar sanyi ya dogara da menene dalilai?Nauyin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi ya dogara da abun ciki na ruwa na iskar da aka matsa don magani.Yawancin abun ciki na ruwa, mafi girman kaya.Saboda haka, nauyin aiki na na'urar bushewa ba kawai yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kwararar iskar da aka matsa ba (Nm⊃3; / min), sigogin da suka fi tasiri akan nauyin na'urar bushewa sune: ① Inlet iska zazzabi: mafi girman zafin jiki, yawan ruwa a cikin iska kuma mafi girman nauyin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi;② Matsin aiki: A cikin zafin jiki guda ɗaya, ƙananan ƙarancin iska mai ƙarfi, yawancin abun ciki na ruwa kuma mafi girman nauyin na'urar bushewa.Bugu da kari, da dangi zafi a cikin tsotsa yanayi na iska kwampreso kuma yana da dangantaka da cikakken ruwa abun ciki na matsa iska, don haka shi ma yana da tasiri a kan aikin lodin na'urar bushewa: mafi girma da dangi zafi, da more. ruwan da ke ƙunshe a cikin madaidaicin iskar gas kuma mafi girman nauyin busarwar sanyi.13. Shin "matsa lamba raɓa" kewayon 2-10 ℃ ga sanyi bushewa kadan ma girma?Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa "matsa lamba raɓa" kewayon 2-10 ℃ aka alama da sanyi bushewa, da kuma zafin jiki bambanci ne "5 sau", ba shi da yawa ma girma?Wannan fahimtar ba daidai ba ce: ① Da farko, babu ra'ayi na "lokuta" tsakanin zazzabi na Celsius da Celsius.A matsayin alamar matsakaitan kuzarin motsin motsi na adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin da ke motsawa cikin abu, ainihin wurin farawa na zafin jiki yakamata ya zama “sifili” (OK) lokacin da motsin kwayoyin ya tsaya gaba daya.Sikelin Centigrade yana ɗaukar wurin narkewar ƙanƙara azaman wurin farawa da zafin jiki, wanda shine 273.16 ℃ sama da “cikakkiyar sifili”.A cikin thermodynamics, sai dai ma'aunin centigrade ℃ ana iya amfani dashi a cikin lissafin da ke da alaƙa da manufar canjin yanayin, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman ma'aunin yanayi, yakamata a ƙididdige shi bisa ma'aunin zafin jiki na thermodynamic (wanda ake kira ma'aunin zafin jiki cikakke, farawa). batu shi ne cikakken sifili).2℃=275.16K da 10℃=283.16K, wanda shine ainihin banbancin dake tsakaninsu.② Bisa ga ruwa abun ciki na cikakken gas, da danshi abun ciki na 0.7MPa matsa iska a 2 ℃ dew batu ne 0.82 g / m3;Danshi abun ciki a 10 ℃ raɓa shine 1.48g/m⊃3;Babu bambanci sau “5″ a tsakaninsu;③ Daga dangantakar dake tsakanin "matsayin raɓa" da raɓa na yanayi, 2℃ raɓa na iska mai matsa lamba yana daidai da -23 ℃ raɓa na yanayi a 0.7MPa, kuma 10 ℃ raɓa yana daidai da -16 ℃ na raɓar yanayi. aya, haka nan kuma babu “sau biyar” bambanci tsakaninsu.Bisa ga abin da ke sama, "matsa lamba raɓa" kewayon 2-10 ℃ ba shi da girma kamar yadda ake tsammani.14. Menene "matsa lamba raɓa" na sanyi bushewa (℃)?A samfurin samfurori na daban-daban masana'antun, da "matsi raɓa batu" na sanyi bushewa yana da yawa daban-daban alamomi: 0℃, 1℃, 1.6℃, 1.7℃, 2℃, 3℃, 2 ~ 10℃, 10℃, da dai sauransu . (wanda 10 ℃ kawai ana samunsa a samfuran samfuran waje).Wannan yana kawo rashin jin daɗi ga zaɓin mai amfani.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a aikace don tattaunawa ta zahiri nawa ℃ “matsayin raɓa” na bushewar sanyi zai iya kaiwa.Mun sani cewa "matsa lamba raɓa" na sanyi na'urar busar da aka iyakance da uku yanayi, wato: ① ta daskarewa batu kasa line na evaporation zafin jiki;(2) Ƙaddamar da gaskiyar cewa yanayin musayar zafi na evaporator ba za a iya ƙarawa ba har abada;③ Iyakance ta gaskiyar cewa aikin rabuwar “gas-water separator” ba zai iya kaiwa 100%.Yana da al'ada cewa zafin jiki na ƙarshe na matsewar iska a cikin evaporator shine 3-5 ℃ mafi girma fiye da yawan zafin jiki na refrigerant.Rage yawan zafin jiki na evaporation ba zai taimaka ba;Saboda ƙayyadaddun ingancin iskar gas-water separator, za a rage karamin adadin ruwa mai narkewa zuwa tururi a cikin musayar zafi na precooler, wanda kuma zai kara yawan ruwa na iska mai matsa lamba.Duk waɗannan abubuwan tare, yana da matukar wahala a sarrafa "matsa lamba raɓa" na bushewar sanyi da ke ƙasa da 2 ℃.Amma ga lakabin 0℃, 1℃, 1.6℃, 1.7 ℃, sau da yawa cewa bangaren farfagandar kasuwanci ya fi tasirin gaske, don haka ba dole ba ne mutane su dauki shi da mahimmanci.A gaskiya ma, ba ƙananan buƙatun da ake buƙata don masana'antun don saita "matsa lamba raɓa" na bushewar sanyi a ƙasa 10 ℃.Daidaitaccen JB / JQ209010-88 "Sharuɗɗan Fasaha na Dryer daskarewar iska" na Ma'aikatar Machinery ya nuna cewa "matsa lamba raɓa" na bushewar sanyi shine 10 ℃ (kuma an ba da yanayin da ya dace);Duk da haka, na kasa shawarar misali GB/T12919-91 "Marine Sarrafawa Air Source tsarkakewa Na'urar" na bukatar yanayi matsa lamba raɓa batu na iska bushewa ya zama -17 ~ -25 ℃, wanda yake daidai da 2 ~ 10 ℃ a 0.7MPa.Yawancin masana'antun gida suna ba da iyakacin iyaka (misali, 2-10 ℃) zuwa "matsalar raɓa" na bushewar sanyi.Dangane da ƙananan iyakarsa, ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin mafi ƙanƙanci, ba za a sami wani abu mai daskarewa a cikin na'urar bushewa ba.Iyaka na sama yana ƙididdige ma'anar abun ciki na ruwa wanda injin bushewar sanyi yakamata ya isa ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai ƙima.A karkashin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki, ya kamata a iya samun iska mai matsa lamba tare da "matsayin raɓa" na kimanin 5 ℃ ta wurin bushewa mai sanyi.Don haka wannan hanya ce mai tsauri.15. Menene ma'auni na fasaha na bushewar sanyi?Siffofin fasaha na na'urar bushewa galibi sun haɗa da: kayan aiki (Nm⊃3; / min), zazzabi mai shiga (℃), matsin lamba (MPa), raguwar matsa lamba (MPa), ikon kwampreso (kW) da amfani da ruwa mai sanyaya (t / h).Maƙasudin maƙasudin na bushewar sanyi-”matsa lamba raɓa” (℃) gabaɗaya ba a yiwa alama alama azaman siga mai zaman kanta akan “teburin ƙayyadaddun ayyuka” a cikin kasidar samfuran masana'antun ƙasashen waje.Dalilin shi ne cewa "matsa lamba raɓa" yana da alaƙa da sigogi da yawa na iska mai matsa lamba don magancewa.Idan an yi alamar "matsayin raɓa", yanayin da ya dace (kamar zafin iska mai shiga, matsa lamba na aiki, yanayin yanayi, da sauransu) dole ne a haɗa su.16, na'urar bushewa da aka saba amfani da ita ta kasu kashi da dama?Dangane da yanayin sanyaya na na'urar bushewa, ana amfani da busassun sanyi zuwa nau'in sanyaya iska da nau'in sanyaya ruwa.Dangane da yawan zafin jiki mai girma da ƙarancin abinci, akwai nau'in yawan zafin jiki mai girma (a ƙasa 80 ℃) da nau'in yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun (kimanin 40 ℃);Dangane da matsa lamba na aiki, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in talakawa (0.3-1.0 MPa) da matsakaici da nau'in matsa lamba (sama da 1.2MPa).Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da na'urorin bushewa na musamman na musamman don magance hanyoyin da ba iska ba, kamar carbon dioxide, hydrogen, gas na halitta, iskar gas mai fashewa, nitrogen da sauransu.17. Yadda za a ƙayyade lamba da matsayi na magudanar atomatik a cikin na'urar bushewa?Maɓallin farko na magudanar ruwa ta atomatik yana iyakance.Idan a lokaci guda, adadin ruwan da aka samar da na'urar bushewa ya fi girma ta atomatik, to, za a sami tarin ruwa a cikin injin.A tsawon lokaci, ruwan da aka ƙera zai tara da yawa.Don haka, a cikin manya da matsakaita masu bushewar sanyi, ana shigar da magudanar ruwa sama da biyu ta atomatik don tabbatar da cewa naƙasasshen ruwa bai taru a cikin injin ba.Ya kamata a shigar da magudanar ruwa ta atomatik a ƙasa na precooler da evaporator, yawanci kai tsaye a ƙasan mai raba ruwan gas.
18. Menene ya kamata in kula yayin amfani da magudanar ruwa ta atomatik?A cikin na'urar bushewa, ana iya cewa magudanar ruwa ta atomatik shine mafi saurin gazawa.Dalili kuwa shi ne, ruwan da aka datse da na'urar bushewa mai sanyi ke fitarwa ba ruwa ne mai tsafta ba, amma ruwa mai kauri da aka gauraye da datti mai datti (kura, tsatsa da laka, da sauransu) da gurbacewar mai (don haka ana kiran magudanar ta atomatik "buguwa ta atomatik"). wanda ke toshe ramukan magudanun ruwa cikin sauki.Saboda haka, ana shigar da allon tacewa a ƙofar magudanar atomatik.Duk da haka, idan an yi amfani da allon tacewa na dogon lokaci, za a toshe shi da ƙazantaccen mai.Idan ba a tsaftace shi cikin lokaci ba, magudanar ruwa ta atomatik zai rasa aikinsa.Don haka yana da matukar mahimmanci don tsaftace allon tacewa a cikin magudanar ruwa a lokaci-lokaci.Bugu da ƙari, magudanar atomatik dole ne ya sami matsa lamba don aiki.Misali, mafi ƙarancin matsi na aiki na magudanar ruwa ta atomatik RAD-404 da aka saba amfani da shi shine 0.15MPa, kuma zubar iska zai faru idan matsin ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.Amma kada matsin lamba ya wuce ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa don hana kofin ajiyar ruwa fashe.Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kasance ƙasa da sifili, ya kamata a zubar da ruwan da ke cikin kofin ajiyar ruwa don hana daskarewa da fashe sanyi.19. Ta yaya magudanar ruwa ta atomatik ke aiki?Lokacin da matakin ruwa a cikin kofin ajiyar ruwa na magudanar ruwa ya kai wani tsayi, matsa lamba na iska mai matsa lamba zai rufe ramin magudanar a ƙarƙashin matsi na ƙwallon da ke iyo, wanda ba zai haifar da zubar da iska ba.Yayin da ruwan da ke cikin kofin ajiyar ruwa ya tashi (babu ruwa a busarwar sanyi a wannan lokacin), ƙwallon da ke iyo ya tashi zuwa wani tsayi, wanda zai buɗe ramin magudanar, kuma za a sauke ruwan da ke cikin kofin. fita daga na'ura da sauri a ƙarƙashin aikin matsa lamba na iska.Bayan da ruwa mai cike da ruwa ya ƙare, ƙwallon da ke iyo yana rufe ramin magudanar ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin matsa lamba na iska.Saboda haka, magudanar ruwa ta atomatik shine mai tanadin makamashi.Ba wai kawai ana amfani da shi a cikin bushewar sanyi ba, har ma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tankunan ajiyar iskar gas, injin bayan sanyi da na'urorin tacewa.Baya ga magudanar ruwa da aka saba amfani da ita, ana amfani da magudanar lokaci ta lantarki ta atomatik, wanda zai iya daidaita lokacin magudanar ruwa da tazarar tsakanin magudanan ruwa guda biyu, kuma zai iya jure matsi mai yawa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai.20. Me ya sa za a yi amfani da magudanar ruwa ta atomatik a cikin bushewar sanyi?Domin fitar da na’urar busar da ruwa mai sanyi a cikin na’urar cikin lokaci da tsafta, hanya mafi sauki ita ce bude ramin magudanar ruwa a karshen na’urar, ta yadda za a ci gaba da fitar da ruwan da aka samu a cikin injin din.Amma kuma illolinsa a bayyane yake.Domin za a ci gaba da fitar da iskar da aka danne yayin da ake zubar da ruwa, matsawar iskan da aka danne zai ragu da sauri.Ba a yarda da wannan don tsarin samar da iska ba.Ko da yake yana yiwuwa a zubar da ruwa da hannu kuma akai-akai ta hanyar bawul ɗin hannu, yana buƙatar ƙara yawan ma'aikata kuma ya kawo jerin matsalolin gudanarwa.Yin amfani da magudanar ruwa ta atomatik, ruwan da aka tara a cikin injin za a iya cire shi ta atomatik akai-akai (yawanci).21. Menene mahimmancin fitar da condensate a cikin lokaci don aikin na'urar bushewa?Lokacin da na'urar bushewa mai sanyi ta yi aiki, babban adadin ruwa mai ƙima zai taru a cikin ƙarar precooler da evaporator.Idan ba a sauke ruwan da aka yi da shi ba a cikin lokaci kuma gaba daya, na'urar bushewa mai sanyi zai zama tafki na ruwa.Sakamakon shine kamar haka: ① Ruwan ruwa mai yawa yana shiga cikin iskar gas, wanda ya sa aikin na'urar bushewa ba shi da ma'ana;(2) ruwan ruwan da ke cikin injin ya kamata ya sha ƙarfin sanyi mai yawa, wanda zai ƙara nauyin bushewar sanyi;③ Rage wuraren zagayawa na iska mai matsewa kuma ƙara raguwar iska.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmancin garanti don aiki na yau da kullum na na'urar bushewa don fitar da ruwa mai laushi daga na'ura a cikin lokaci da kuma sosai.22, iskar bushewa shaye da ruwa dole ne ya zama sanadin rashin isasshen raɓa?Rashin bushewar iskar da aka matse tana nufin adadin gaurayewar tururin ruwa a busasshiyar matsewar iska.Idan abin da ke cikin tururin ruwa yana da ƙananan, iska za ta bushe, kuma akasin haka.Ana auna bushewar iska mai matsa lamba ta "matsalar raɓa".Idan "matsayin raɓa" ya yi ƙasa, iskan da aka matsa zai bushe.Wani lokaci matsewar iskar da ake fitarwa daga na'urar bushewa za a gauraye shi da ɗigon ruwa kaɗan na ɗigon ruwa, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne ya haifar da rashin isasshen raɓa na iskar da aka matsa.Kasancewar ɗigon ruwa a cikin shaye-shaye na iya haifar da tarin ruwa, ƙarancin magudanar ruwa ko rashin cikar rabuwa a cikin injin, musamman gazawar da aka samu sakamakon toshe magudanar ruwa ta atomatik.Shayewar na'urar bushewa tare da ruwa ya fi muni fiye da raɓa, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga kayan aikin gas na ƙasa, don haka ya kamata a gano dalilan da kuma kawar da su.23. Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin ingancin iskar gas-ruwa da raguwar matsa lamba?A cikin baffle gas-ruwa SEPARATOR (ko lebur baffle, V-baffle ko karkace baffle), ƙara yawan baffles da rage tazara (fiti) na baffles iya inganta rabuwa yadda ya dace na tururi da ruwa.Amma a lokaci guda kuma yana haifar da haɓakar juzu'in matsewar iska.Haka kuma, kusancin baffle tazara zai haifar da hayaniya ta iska, don haka ya kamata a yi la'akari da wannan sabani yayin zayyana baffles.24, yadda za a kimanta rawar gas-ruwa SEPARATOR a cikin sanyi bushewa?A cikin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi, rabuwar tururi da ruwa yana faruwa a cikin dukkanin tsarin da aka matsa.Yawancin faranti da aka shirya a cikin precooler da evaporator na iya shiga tsakani, tara da kuma raba tataccen ruwa a cikin gas.Matukar za a iya fitar da condensate da ke raba daga injin cikin lokaci kuma sosai, ana iya samun matsewar iska tare da wani wurin raɓa.Misali, sakamakon da aka auna na wani nau'in busarwar sanyi ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 70% na na'urar busar da ruwan sanyi ana fitar da su daga injin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa ta atomatik kafin mai raba ruwan gas, da sauran ɗigon ruwa (mafi yawansu suna da yawa sosai. fine in barbashi size) a ƙarshe yadda ya kamata da iskar gas-ruwa SEPARATOR tsakanin evaporator da precooler.Kodayake adadin waɗannan ɗigon ruwa kaɗan ne, yana da tasiri mai girma akan "matsalar raɓa";Da zarar sun shiga precooler kuma an rage su zuwa tururi ta hanyar ƙawancen na biyu, abin da ke cikin ruwa na iska mai matsewa zai ƙaru sosai.Sabili da haka, ingantaccen kuma sadaukar da mai raba ruwan iskar gas yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin na'urar bushewa.25. Menene gazawar mai tace gas-water separator da ake amfani dashi?Yana da matukar tasiri a yi amfani da tacewa azaman mai raba ruwan iskar gas na bushewar sanyi, saboda ingancin tacewa na tacewa ga ɗigon ruwa tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta zai iya kaiwa 100%, amma a zahiri, akwai ƴan matatun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi don rabuwa da tururi-ruwa.Dalilan sune kamar haka: ① Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin hazo mai zurfi na ruwa, ana toshe nau'in tacewa cikin sauƙi, kuma yana da matukar wahala a maye gurbinsa;② Babu wani abu da za a yi da ɗigon ruwa mai ƙanƙanta wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta girman ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta;③ Yana da tsada.26. Menene dalilin aiki na cyclone gas-water separator?Cyclone SEPARATOR shi ma wani inertial SEPARATOR, wanda yawanci amfani da iskar gas rabuwa.Bayan da iskar da aka matsa ta shiga cikin mai raba tare da tangential shugabanci na bango, ɗigon ruwa gauraye a cikin iskar kuma suna jujjuya tare kuma suna haifar da ƙarfin centrifugal.Ruwan ruwa tare da babban taro yana haifar da babban ƙarfin centrifugal, kuma a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin centrifugal, manyan ɗigon ruwa suna motsawa zuwa bango na waje, sa'an nan kuma tattarawa da girma bayan sun buga bangon waje (kuma baffle) kuma sun rabu da gas. ;Duk da haka, ɗigon ruwa tare da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna ƙaura zuwa tsakiyar tsakiya tare da matsa lamba mara kyau a ƙarƙashin aikin matsin gas.Masu sana'a sukan ƙara baffles mai karkace a cikin mai raba guguwar don haɓaka tasirin rabuwa (da kuma ƙara raguwar matsa lamba).Koyaya, saboda kasancewar yankin matsa lamba mara kyau a tsakiyar jujjuyawar iska, ƙananan ɗigon ruwa tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin centrifugal ana sauƙin tsotse su cikin precooler ta matsa lamba mara kyau, yana haifar da haɓakar raɓa.Wannan na'ura kuma ita ce na'urar da ba ta da inganci a cikin rarrabuwar iskar gas na kawar da kura, kuma a hankali an maye gurbinta da masu tara ƙura masu inganci (kamar wutar lantarki ta lantarki da mai tattara ƙurar bugun jini).Idan an yi amfani da shi azaman mai rarraba ruwa-ruwa a cikin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi ba tare da gyare-gyare ba, haɓakar rabuwa ba zai yi yawa ba.Kuma saboda tsarin hadaddun, wane nau'in "mai raba cyclone" ba tare da karkace ba ba a amfani da shi sosai a cikin na'urar bushewa.27. Ta yaya mai baffle gas-water separator ke aiki a cikin na'urar bushewa?Baffle SEPARATOR wani nau'i ne na mai raba inertial.Irin wannan nau'in, musamman ma'anar "louver" baffle SEPARATOR wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, an yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin na'urar bushewa.Suna da kyau tururi-ruwa rabuwa sakamako a kan ruwa droplets tare da fadi da barbashi size rarraba.Saboda kayan abinci mai kyau yana da tasiri mai kyau a saman ruwa ruwa, bayan ruwa droplets tare da daban-daban masu girman ruwa tare a kan farfajiya, da ruwa na bakin ruwa ɗigogi za su taru cikin ɓangarorin da suka fi girma a gefen baffle, kuma za a raba ɗigon ruwa daga iska ƙarƙashin nasu nauyi.Ƙarfin kamawar mai raba baffle ya dogara da saurin kwararar iska, sifar baffle da tazarar baffle.Wasu mutane sun yi nazarin cewa yawan kama digon ruwa na baffle mai siffar V ya kusan ninki biyu na baffler jirgin.Za'a iya raba mai raba gas-ruwa mai baffle zuwa jagorar baffle da karkace mai karkace bisa ga canjin baffle da tsari.(Na ƙarshe shine "mai raba cyclone" da aka saba amfani dashi);A baffle na baffle SEPARATOR yana da low kama kudi na m barbashi, amma a cikin sanyi bushewa, da m barbashi a matsawa iska kusan gaba daya kewaye da ruwa fim, don haka baffle iya raba m barbashi tare yayin kama ruwa droplets.28. Nawa ingancin iskar gas-ruwa ke shafar raɓa?Ko da yake saita wasu adadin baffles na ruwa a cikin matsewar iska mai kwararar hanya na iya raba mafi yawan ɗigon ruwa daga iskar gas, waɗancan ɗigon ruwa tare da mafi girman girman barbashi, musamman maƙarƙashiyar ruwan da aka haifar bayan ɓarna na ƙarshe, na iya har yanzu shiga wurin shaye-shaye.Idan ba a dakatar da shi ba, wannan yanki na ruwa mai narkewa zai ƙaura zuwa tururi na ruwa lokacin da aka yi zafi a cikin precooler, wanda zai kara raɓa na matsewar iska.Misali, 1 nm3 na 0.7MPa;An rage yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin injin bushewa daga 40 ℃ (abincin ruwa shine 7.26g) zuwa 2 ℃ (abincin ruwa shine 0.82g), kuma ruwan da aka samar ta hanyar sanyi shine 6.44 g.Idan 70% (4.51g) na ruwa na condensate ya rabu da "ba tare da bata lokaci ba" kuma an fitar da shi daga na'ura a lokacin tafiyar iskar gas, har yanzu akwai 1.93g na ruwa na condensate da za a kama da kuma raba shi da "gas-water separator";Idan aikin rabuwa na "gas-water separator" shine 80%, 0.39g na ruwa mai ruwa zai shiga cikin precooler tare da iska, inda za'a rage tururin ruwa ta hanyar evaporation na biyu, don haka ruwan tururi abun ciki na iska mai matsa lamba. zai karu daga 0.82g zuwa 1.21g, kuma "matsa lamba raɓa" na matsawa iska zai tashi zuwa 8 ℃.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don inganta haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar iska na iska-ruwa na bushewar sanyi don rage matsa lamba raɓa na iska mai matsa lamba.29, matsa lamba iska da condensate yadda za a rabu?Hanyar samar da condensate da rabuwar ruwa-ruwa a cikin na'urar bushewa yana farawa tare da matsa lamba ta shiga cikin na'urar bushewa.Bayan an shigar da faranti na baffle a cikin precooler da evaporator, wannan aikin rabuwa da ruwa yana ƙara tsananta.Matsakaicin ɗigon ruwa yana tattarawa kuma suna girma saboda cikakkiyar tasirin motsin canjin motsi da ƙarfin inertial bayan karon baffle, kuma a ƙarshe sun gane rabuwar tururi da ruwa ƙarƙashin nasu nauyi.Ana iya faɗi cewa babban ɓangaren ruwa na condensate a cikin na'urar bushewa mai sanyi yana rabu da ruwan tururi ta hanyar ci "ba tare da bata lokaci ba" yayin gudana.Domin kama wasu ƙananan ɗigon ruwa da suka rage a cikin iska, ana kuma saita na'urar raba ruwan iskar gas na musamman a cikin na'urar bushewa don rage yawan ruwan ruwa da ke shiga cikin bututun shaye-shaye, don haka rage "raɓan raɓa" na matsewar iska sosai. kamar yadda zai yiwu.30. Ta yaya ake samar da ruwa na bushewar sanyi?Bayan da aka saba matsewar iska mai tsananin zafi ta shiga cikin na'urar bushewa, tururin ruwan da ke cikinsa yana takushewa cikin ruwa ruwa ta hanyoyi biyu, wato, ① tururin ruwa kai tsaye yana tuntuɓar yanayin sanyi da sanyi tare da ƙarancin yanayin zafi. precooler da evaporator (kamar fuskar waje na bututun tagulla na musayar zafi, filaye masu haskakawa, farantin baffle da saman ciki na harsashi) a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto (kamar tsarin raɓar raɓa akan yanayin halitta);(2) Tushen ruwa wanda ba shi da hulɗar kai tsaye tare da yanayin sanyi yana ɗaukar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazantattun da ke ɗauke da iskar iska da kanta a matsayin "cibiyar raɓar sanyi" na raɓa mai sanyi (kamar tsarin samuwar girgije da ruwan sama a yanayi).Girman ɓangarorin farko na ɗigon ruwa mai kauri ya dogara da girman “ƙarancin ɗaki”.Idan rabon girman barbashi na ƙazanta mai ƙarfi gauraye a cikin iska mai matsewa yana shiga cikin na'urar bushewa yawanci tsakanin 0.1 da 25 μ, sa'an nan girman barbashi na farko na ruwa ya zama aƙalla tsari iri ɗaya.Haka kuma, a cikin tsarin bin magudanar iska, ɗigon ruwa na taruwa suna taruwa akai-akai, kuma girman barbashi zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma bayan ya ƙaru zuwa wani matsayi, za a raba su da iskar gas da nauyin nasu.Domin tsayayyen ƙurar ƙurar da ke ɗauke da iskar da ke ɗauke da ita tana taka rawar “condensation nucleus” a cikin tsarin samar da na’urar da ke haifar da ƙura, hakan kuma yana ƙarfafa mu mu yi tunanin cewa tsarin samar da ƙura a cikin na’urar bushewa shine tsarin “tsarkake kai” na matsewar iska. .